TRIZ Problem Solving: Design of Hammer

TRIZ Problem Solving: Design of Hammer Abstract This project introduced innovation in a concept design of hammer which is a tool used to blow (a sudden impact) to an object. Some technical contradictions occurred in the design, which made it difficult to find a solution except compromise. When TRIZ was used in the design, things seemed to get easier. A surprising and almost perfect solution was found, and finally it was put into practice smoothly. Introduction A hammer is a tool that delivers a blow (a sudden impact) to an object. A hammer is basically a force amplifier that works by converting mechanical work into kinetic energy and back. Most hammers are hand tools used to drive nails, fit parts, forge metal, and break apart objects. Hammers vary in shape, size, and structure, depending on their purposes. Hammers are basic tools in many trades. The usual features are a head (most often made of steel) and a handle (also called a helve or haft). A traditional hand-held hammer consists of a separate head and a handle, fastened together by means of a special wedge made for the purpose, or by glue, or both. This two-piece design is often used, to combine a dense metallic striking head with a non-metallic mechanical-shock-absorbing handle. Some hammers are one-piece designs made primarily of a single material. A one-piece metallic hammer may optionally have its handle coated or wrapped in a resilient material such as rubber. Objectives To innovate the design of a hammer to make it more efficient using TRIZ problem solving. To minimize the cost used to buy hammer using TRIZ problem solving. To improve the components of hammer to reduce space consumption by TRIZ problem solving. Problem Statement For years, workers have been struggling to bring different type of tools to their worksite.   One of the main tool used by the construction workers are the hammer. A Hammer is a mechanical tool that delivers a sudden impact to an object. The essential part of hammer is head, a compact solid mass that is able to deliver the blow to the intended target without itself deforming and a handle, the part where the user hold the hammer. Commonly, hammers are used to drive nails, fit parts, forge metal and break apart objects. There are different types of hammers in use, they vary in shape, size and structure. Such hammers are traditional curved claw hammer and Drywall hammer. Traditional claw hammer are used to   drives nails well and removes nails easily with the rocking action of its curved claw while Drywall hammer chops errant bits of drywall and sets nails without breaking through walls paper faces. Hammers are categorized as a heavy type tool thus creating problem for the workers t o bring many types of hammer to their worksite. Inconvenient Variety in the number of hammer needed to complete in a certain type of work causes difficulties to the workers in bringing it to their worksite. As we already know, each hammer has its own function. Hence, workers need to bring each of the type of hammer to complete their project. If it is improved it can ease the workers job in bringing different type of hammer without consuming too much energy. Costly Workers are forced to buy each type of hammer so that they can accomplish their job. This causes extra money to be spent to buy each type of hammer. Thus the total cost of project will be increased gradually. Buying less number of hammer with the same functional would causes the cost to be decreased significantly. This would give the advantage to worker as it will cut the cost to buy a hammer. Space consuming The average size of a hammer is bigger than other tool creates a problem which is in storing it. Each hammer requires a huge size of storage space to be stored and with the variety type of hammer, the needs for bigger size storage increases with the number of hammer. If less spaces are used to store this tool, more other tool can be used to fill the empty spaces. This increases the compatibility of the hammer. Function Analysis Subject (Tool)FunctionObject HandHoldHandle (Wood) Handle (Wood) HoldHammer head Hammer headHitNail Component Analysis TRIZ tools Segmentation (#1) Divide an object into independent part Make an object easy to assemble and disassemble The head and the handle of the hammer can be connected and removed freely by user. The thread on the handle ease the user to connect the handle and the hammer head by twisting the head in a clockwise direction. Function Analysis Subject (Tool) Function Object Hand Hold Handle (Steel) Handle (Thread) Hold Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Drywall Hammer (Thread) Drywall Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (Thread) Hold Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (Thread) Hold Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Component Analysis Contradiction The feature that we want to improve is the strength of the handle by using steel. However the drawback of using steel as a handle is it is very heavy. So by using 39 parameters matrix, we have decided to choose composite material as the handle. The composite material that we have chosen is graphite fiber reinforced epoxy. This type of handle offers a blend of stiffness, lightweight and durability. These handle also encased in a high polycarbonate resin. The addition of this material around the handle increase shock absorption, improves chemical resistance and offers protection against accidential overstrike thus reduce handle failure. Wooden Handle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steel Handle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Composite Handle Wooden Handle  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Steel HandleComposite Handle Partial Triz Contradiction Matrix (1 to 14) Weight of moving object Weight of stationary object Length of moving object Length of stationary object Area of moving object 1 2 3 4 5 1 Weight of moving object + 15, 8, 29,34 29, 17, 38, 34 2 Weight of stationary object + 10, 1, 29, 35 3 Length of moving object 8, 15, 29, 34 + 15, 17, 4 4 Length of stationary object 35, 28, 40, 29 + 5 Area of moving object 2, 17, 29, 4 14, 15, 18, 4 + 6 Area of stationary object 30, 2, 14, 18 26, 7, 9, 39 7 Volume of   moving object 2, 26, 29, 40 1, 7, 4, 35 1, 7, 4, 17 8 Volume of stationary object 35, 10, 19, 14 19, 14 35, 8, 2, 14 9 Speed 2, 28, 13, 38 13, 14, 8 29, 30, 34 10 Force (Intensity) 8, 1, 37, 18 18, 13, 1, 28 17, 19, 9, 36 28, 10 19, 10, 15 11 Stress or pressure 10, 36, 37, 40 13, 29, 10, 18 35, 10, 36 35, 1, 14, 16 10, 15, 36, 28 12 Shape 8, 10, 29, 40 15, 10, 26, 3 29, 34, 5, 4 13, 14, 10, 7 5, 34, 4, 10 13 Stability of   the objects composition 21, 35, 2, 39 26, 39, 1, 40 13, 15, 1, 28 37 2, 11, 13 14 Strength 1, 8, 40, 15 40, 26, 27, 1 1, 15, 8, 35 15, 14, 28, 26 3, 34, 40, 29 40-Composite Material, 26-Copying, 27-Cheap Short Living Object, 1-Segmentation Function Analysis Subject (Tool) Function Object Hand Hold Handle (Composite Material) Handle (thread) Hold Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Traditional Curved Claw (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Drywall Hammer (Thread) Drywall Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Body Mechanics Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Handle (thread) Hold Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Toolmakers Hammer (Thread) Hit Nail Component Analysis Conclusion As conclusion, problem in reality can be practically solved using TRIZ problem solving technique. TRIZ technique use the process of abstraction as it main way to solve problem. This means that we need to use TRIZ to determine problem, improving feature, and impact feature and lastly, come up with a solution for the related problem. There are many type of TRIZ process that are available for solving problem. However, for this problem the function analysis tool, the 39 parameters and 40 inventive principles is used. We have concluded that the main problems of a hammer are inconvenient, costly, and space consuming. All of the problems are solved by applying TRIZ technique. The final solution that have been analyzed is by producing an exchangeable hammer head with graphite fiber reinforced epoxy handle. This will encounter all of the problems of the common hammer. So, it can be concluded that TRIZ problem solving can be used to problem better and efficiently. References http://me-mechanicalengineering.com/different-types-of-hammers/ http://www.innovation-triz.com/ http://www.triz.org/ https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCT_92.htm http://creatingminds.org/tools/triz/triz_contradiction_analysis.htm https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRIZ http://www.triz-journal.com/ http://www.mytriz.com.my/ http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCT_92.htm http://www.triz40.com/aff_Principles_TRIZ.php

A General to Remember : Francis Marion “Swamp Fox” Essay

â€Å"Come, my boys! Let us go back and we will find the Gamecock. But as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him!† That was the famous quote by Banastre Tarleton, a British general and soldier, who gave the â€Å"Swamp Fox† his name. Francis Marion was the â€Å"Swamp Fox’s† real name. Marion was born on February 26th 1732, in Goat Field Plantation in Saint Johns Parish, Berkeley County, South Carolina. When Marion was a boy, he set off to sail at the age of 15 but ended up being stranded at sea for a week before him and 7 other crewmembers drifted to shore stated in the online Smithsonian Magazine The Swamp Fox. Marion later joined the South Carolina militia just before his 25th birthday to fight in the French and Indian War, however, during this War; Marion took an interest in the guerrilla fighting technique and became a mastery of irregular warfare and rapid mobility. Francis Marion is an anti-hero because he was humble, used un ruly methods of attack, and was a father to all. One of Francis Marion’s actions that made him an anti-hero was because he was humble. For instance, when he joined the war; he did it to fight for his country. Marion was a man who was a priggish disciplinarian who dressed modestly, abstained from drinking, and forbade his troops from plundering their Loyalist neighbors, said in an article named Francis Marion. He never expected any sort of popularity in return, but many people admired him and his actions anyways. An article from Smithsonian Magazine named The Swamp Fox, has a man named Busik, who has written the introduction to a new edition of Simms’ The Life of Francis Marion, based on facts alone he quotes: â€Å"Marion deserves to be remembered as one of the heroes of the War of Independence.† Not only was his humbleness an anti-hero quality, but also Marion used unruly methods of attack. He would fight in a guerrilla fashion to succeed in the wars he fought in that made him more of an anti-hero. Marion was promoted by the President and became a general under Nathanael Greene in January 20, 1780 as said in the book: Swamp Fox: The life and campaigns of General Francis Marion. Marion was one of the first to ever take on the style of killing the generals or higher leaders first instead of the soldiers like the ‘rules of war’ were. On January 20th, 1780, Francis Marion became promoted to brigadier general under a man named Nathanael Greene, said in the book Swamp Fox: The Life and Campaigns of General Francis Marion. Marion got his nickname from a man named Banastre Tarleton because of his ways for guerrilla warfare and how good he was at them. Tarleton was frustrated with chasing Marion around through Ox Swamp and gave up saying: â€Å"Come, my boys! Lets us go back and we will find the Gamecock. But as for this damned old fox, the devil himself could not catch him!† This was found in the NPS.gov article General Francis Marion. However, despite what he did fighting, he was a father to all. Marion had no children of his own, but treated his nieces and nephews and friends all the same as if he was their father. He cared about them and looked out for them, hence why he would forbid his troops from plundering their Loyalist neighbors, which is again is said in the article Francis Marion. Marion was a father to all; everyone looked up to him and appreciated him for what he did and what he was like. Some people may say that the Swamp Fox wasn’t even a hero, let alone an anti-hero. People think that because of Marion’s guerrilla style way of fighting, he wasn’t a good guy because he went against the ‘rules of war’. With his fatherly ways, people took that as an arrogance thing. That he was stuck up and wanted to treat everyone as if they were younger than him. Others took his humbleness as another form of arrogance and thought of him as disgust. Because of all of this they thought of him as a villain instead of a hero. Though some people may have looked down upon Marion and his actions as a person, the majority of the people who know about him or knew him will say differently. Francis Marion’s ways of being humble, his fighting being an unruly way of attack, and his actions being fatherly, would still make him an anti-hero to all. A day is dedicat ed to Marion for his actions in the wars he has fought in. General Francis Marion Day, which is held on the twenty-seventh day of February, became founded in 2007 said on their official website Revolutionary History, Clarendon Country, SC. The Swamp Fox is a general to never be forgotten for the things he’s done.

Health Insurance in Ghana Free Essay Example, 2250 words

The treatment of HIV is left largely unattended. The drugs require financial commitments that many of the people who are at the highest risk cannot afford. While there is an emphasis on the use of educational programs in order to provide information for the use of prevention, there appears to be an undercurrent of neglect for those who have already contracted the virus (African Development Bank. , OECD, 2008). The treatment of HIV is left largely unattended. The drugs require financial commitments that many of the people who are at the highest risk cannot afford. While there is an emphasis on the use of educational programs in order to provide information for the use of prevention, there appears to be an undercurrent of neglect for those who have already contracted the virus (African Development Bank. , OECD, 2008). In addition to the perspective that HIV/AIDS is a problem that does not warrant policy consideration, the general attitude towards women must be taken into considerati on as a part of the problem. Female circumcision, as an example, is still a widely held practice within the nation (Shweder, Minow, Markus, 2004, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Insurance in Ghana or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In understanding the needs within Ghana and what is neglected within those needs, policymakers can address these issues and promote change within the government. The justification of this study is based on the belief that in order to promote change, it is within an awareness of the problem that policies and services can be implemented. The disparity that appears to exist between the policies of public health care and the denial of coverage for antiviral medications provides an opportunity to study the situation from a socioeconomic perspective, a cultural perspective, and a public health care perspective.

Friday Night Lights By Lewis Lapham - 1866 Words

â€Å"At times Odessa had the feel of lingering sadness that many isolated places have, a sense of the world orbiting around it at dizzying speed while it stood stuck in time...300 miles from the rest of the world† (33). Odessans don’t mind the isolation because they have high school football to wrap their lives around. In 1988, H.G. Bissinger moved to Odessa,Texas and had the up close and personal opportunity to study a small southern town and see how high school football affected the lives of its residents. In the same fashion, writer Lewis Lapham studied how sports affect people from all over the nation and came to the conclusion that sports must â€Å"preserve an illusion of perfect innocence.† Lapham’s views can clearly be linked to the†¦show more content†¦After all, the Permian school district gerrymandered the boundary lines in order to get as many black kids to play on their football team as possible. However, they only convinced themselv es of their tolerance. When almost all minorities lived behind the barrier, over the tracks, excluded from white interaction outside of school, it is hard to believe that the love for sports triumphed over racism. On the field, blacks were welcomed for their athletic skill. Off the field, it was back over the tracks where they belonged. Blacks knew what the tracks represented: â€Å"Symbolically and physically, the tracks were still a barrier and still defined an attitude† (92). The school and team integration covered the racism that was still clearly present in Odessa. The former principal of the â€Å"black school† said that â€Å"[t]here s no integration, there is desegregation. There is no integration in this community, the same as any community in America† (98). The townspeople of Odessa know in their hearts that true integration doesn’t exist, but it didn’t matter because the government saw that Permian high school finally became integrated a nd allowed blacks and Mexicans to play on their sacred sports team. In this case, football wasn’t just a game. The integration of the team was a blanket to cover all of the racism and separation. At the end of the day, sports didn’t save the minorities; they had to go back to the rough side of town.